Patsogolo mu 3D: Kwerani Pamwamba Pazovuta mu 3D Metal Printing

Ma Servo motors ndi maloboti akusintha mapulogalamu owonjezera. Phunzirani zaupangiri waposachedwa kwambiri mukamagwiritsa ntchito makina opangira ma robotiki komanso zowongolera zotsogola popanga zowonjezera ndi zochepetsera, komanso zomwe zikutsatira: ganizirani njira zosakanizira zowonjezera/zochotsa.

ZOCHITA ZONSE

Wolemba Sarah Mellish ndi RoseMary Burns

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa zida zosinthira mphamvu, ukadaulo wowongolera zoyenda, maloboti osinthika kwambiri komanso kusakanikirana kwakanthawi kwamaukadaulo ena apamwamba ndizomwe zimayambitsa kukula mwachangu kwa njira zatsopano zopangira mafakitale. Kusintha momwe ma prototypes, magawo ndi zinthu zimapangidwira, kupanga zowonjezera komanso zochepetsera ndi zitsanzo ziwiri zomwe zapereka luso komanso kupulumutsa ndalama zomwe zimafuna kuti akhalebe opikisana.

Amatchedwa 3D printing, additive production (AM) ndi njira yomwe si yachikhalidwe yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito deta ya digito kuti ipange zinthu zolimba za mbali zitatu mwa kusakaniza zinthu zosanjikiza ndi zosanjikiza kuchokera pansi kupita mmwamba. Nthawi zambiri kupanga magawo apafupi ndi net-shape (NNS) osataya zinyalala, kugwiritsa ntchito AM pazopanga zonse zoyambira komanso zovuta kupitilirabe kumafakitale monga zamagalimoto, zakuthambo, mphamvu, zamankhwala, zoyendera ndi zinthu za ogula. M'malo mwake, njira yochepetsera imaphatikizapo kuchotsa zigawo kuchokera pagulu lazinthu ndikudula bwino kwambiri kapena kupanga makina kuti apange chinthu cha 3D.

Ngakhale pali kusiyana kwakukulu, njira zowonjezera ndi zochepetsera sizimasiyana nthawi zonse - chifukwa zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyamikira magawo osiyanasiyana a chitukuko cha mankhwala. Chitsanzo choyambirira kapena chofananira chimapangidwa nthawi zambiri ndi njira yowonjezera. Zogulitsazo zikamalizidwa, magulu akuluakulu angafunike, kutsegulira chitseko cha kupanga zochepetsera. Posachedwapa, pamene nthawi ndi yofunika kwambiri, njira zosakanizidwa zowonjezera / zowonongeka zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu monga kukonzanso zowonongeka / zowonongeka kapena kupanga zigawo zabwino ndi nthawi yochepa yotsogolera.

ZOCHITIKA KWAMBIRI

Kuti akwaniritse zofuna zamakasitomala, opanga akuphatikiza zida zingapo zamawaya monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, faifi tambala, cobalt, chrome, titaniyamu, aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo zina zosiyana pakupanga gawo lawo, kuyambira ndi gawo lofewa koma lamphamvu ndikumaliza ndi cholimba, kuvala. -kukana gawo. Mwa zina, izi zawonetsa kufunikira kwa mayankho ogwira mtima kwambiri kuti pakhale zokolola zambiri komanso zabwino m'malo opangira zowonjezera komanso zochepetsera, makamaka momwe njira zopangira ma waya arc additive (WAAM), WAAM-subtractive, laser cladding-subtractive kapena zokongoletsera zimakhudzidwa. Zowoneka bwino ndi:

• Advanced Servo Technology:Kuti athetse bwino zolinga za nthawi ndi msika komanso momwe makasitomala amapangidwira, komwe kumayang'ana kulondola komanso kumalizidwa bwino, ogwiritsa ntchito akutembenukira ku osindikiza apamwamba a 3D okhala ndi ma servo system (ma motors opitilira stepper) kuti athe kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri. Ubwino wa ma servo motors, monga Yaskawa's Sigma-7, atembenuzira njira yowonjezera pamutu pake, kuthandiza opanga kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe wamba pogwiritsa ntchito makina osindikizira:
  • Kuponderezedwa kwa vibration: ma servo motors amphamvu amadzitamandira zosefera za vibration, komanso zosefera za anti-resonance ndi notch, zomwe zimapangitsa kuyenda kosalala kwambiri komwe kumatha kuchotsa mizere yosawoneka bwino yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi ma stepper motor torque ripple.
  • Kuwongola liwiro: liwiro losindikiza la 350 mm/sec tsopano ndi loona, kuwirikiza kawiri kuchuluka kwa liwiro la chosindikizira cha 3D pogwiritsa ntchito chowongolera chopondapo. Momwemonso, liwiro loyenda mpaka 1,500 mm/sec limatha kupezeka pogwiritsa ntchito rotary kapena mpaka 5 metres / sec pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa servo. Kuthamanga kwachangu kwambiri komwe kumaperekedwa kudzera mu ma servos ochita bwino kwambiri kumathandizira kuti mitu yosindikiza ya 3D isunthidwe m'malo awo oyenera mwachangu. Izi zimapita kutali kuti muchepetse kufunika kochepetsera dongosolo lonse kuti lifike pamtundu womwe mukufuna. Pambuyo pake, kukweza uku kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka zabubundu kapanganikambo KAANIlweniANI ukusebenza buka KAINGA KAINGACHITA KACHITATU WACHITATU, ZINTHU ZINA LEMBA LA TSIKU
  • Kukonzekera kwachidziwitso: makina a servo amatha kupanga zosintha zawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kusintha kusintha kwa makina osindikizira kapena kusiyana kwa makina osindikizira. Ma motors a 3D stepper sagwiritsa ntchito mayankho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kubweza kusintha kwamachitidwe kapena kusagwirizana kwamakanika.
  • Ndemanga za encoder: makina olimba a servo omwe amapereka mayankho athunthu a encoder amangofunika kupanga chizoloŵezi chanyumba kamodzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale nthawi yayitali komanso kupulumutsa mtengo. Osindikiza a 3D omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa stepper motor alibe izi ndipo amayenera kukhala kunyumba nthawi iliyonse akayatsidwa.
  • Kumverera m'mawu: chosindikizira chosindikizira cha 3D nthawi zambiri chimakhala cholepheretsa ntchito yosindikiza, ndipo chotengera chopanda mphamvu sichikhala ndi mphamvu yozindikira kuti pali kupanikizana kwa extruder - kuchepa komwe kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa ntchito yonse yosindikiza. Poganizira izi, machitidwe a servo amatha kuzindikira zosunga zobwezeretsera za extruder ndikuletsa kuvula kwa filament. Chinsinsi cha kusindikiza kwapamwamba ndi kukhala ndi makina otsekedwa omwe ali pafupi ndi encoder yapamwamba kwambiri. Ma Servo motors okhala ndi 24-bit absolute high-resolution encoder amatha kupereka ma 16,777,216 ma bits a mayankho otsekeka kuti akhale olondola kwambiri axis ndi extruder, komanso kulunzanitsa ndi kuteteza kupanikizana.
• Maloboti Ochita Kwambiri:Monga momwe ma servo motors amathandizira kuti asinthe zowonjezera, momwemonso maloboti. Mayendedwe awo abwino kwambiri, makina okhwima komanso chitetezo champhamvu kwambiri (IP) - kuphatikiza ndi kuwongolera kwamphamvu kwa anti-vibration ndi kuthekera kwa ma axis angapo - kumapangitsa maloboti osinthika asanu ndi limodzi kukhala njira yabwino panjira zovuta zomwe zikuzungulira kugwiritsa ntchito 3D. osindikiza, komanso zochita zofunika kwambiri pakupanga zochepetsera komanso njira zosakanizidwa zowonjezera/zochotsa.
  Makina osindikizira a robotiki ogwirizana ndi makina osindikizira a 3D amakhudza kwambiri kusamalira magawo osindikizidwa pamakina amitundu yambiri. Kuyambira pakutsitsa magawo amodzi kuchokera pamakina osindikizira, mpaka kulekanitsa magawo pambuyo pa kusindikiza kwa magawo angapo, maloboti osinthika kwambiri komanso ogwira ntchito bwino amawongolera magwiridwe antchito kuti apindule kwambiri komanso kuti apindule.
  Ndi kusindikiza kwachikhalidwe kwa 3D, maloboti ndi othandiza poyang'anira ufa, kudzaza ufa wosindikiza pakafunika ndikuchotsa ufa pazigawo zomalizidwa. Mofananamo, mbali zina zomaliza ntchito zotchuka ndi zitsulo zopangidwa ndi zitsulo monga kugaya, kupukuta, kuchotsa kapena kudula zimatheka mosavuta. Kuyang'ana kwaubwino, komanso zosowa zamapaketi ndi zonyamula katundu zikukwaniritsidwanso mosamalitsa ndiukadaulo wamaloboti, kumasula opanga zinthu kuti aziika nthawi yawo pantchito yowonjezereka, monga kupanga mwachizolowezi.
  Kwa zida zazikulu zogwirira ntchito, maloboti akumafakitale akutali akugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti asunthire mwachindunji mutu wa 3D chosindikizira. Izi, molumikizana ndi zida zotumphukira monga zoyambira zozungulira, zoyika, mayendedwe amzere, ma gantries ndi zina zambiri, zikupereka malo ogwirira ntchito ofunikira kuti apange mawonekedwe aulere. Kupatula ma prototyping akale ofulumira, maloboti akugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zazikulu zopanda mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe a nkhungu, zomanga za 3D zooneka ngati truss ndi zigawo zazikulu zosakanizidwa.
• Owongolera Makina a Multi-axis:Ukadaulo waukadaulo wolumikizira mpaka ma axes 62 oyenda pamalo amodzi tsopano ukupangitsa kuti ma loboti ambiri azigawo zamafakitale, machitidwe a servo ndi ma drive amasinthasintha omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazowonjezera, zochotsa ndi zosakanizidwa zotheka. Banja lonse la zida tsopano litha kugwirira ntchito limodzi mosasunthika pansi pa kuwongolera kwathunthu ndi kuyang'anira PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) kapena wowongolera makina a IEC, monga MP3300iec. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi pulogalamu yamphamvu ya 61131 IEC, monga MotionWorks IEC, nsanja zamaluso ngati izi zimagwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zimazolowera (mwachitsanzo, RepRap G-codes, Function Block Diagram, Structured Text, Ladder Diagram, etc.). Kuti muthandizire kuphatikizana kosavuta komanso kukhathamiritsa nthawi yamakina, zida zopangidwa mwaluso monga kubwezeredwa kwa bedi, kuwongolera kutsogola kwa extruder, kuwongolera kambiri komanso kuwongolera kwamagetsi kumaphatikizidwa.
• Advanced Manufacturing User Interfaces:Zopindulitsa kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito kusindikiza kwa 3D, kudula mawonekedwe, zida zamakina ndi ma robotiki, mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana amatha kupereka mawonekedwe osavuta kusintha makina ojambulira, opereka njira yosinthira zinthu zambiri. Zopangidwa ndi luso komanso kukhathamiritsa m'malingaliro, nsanja zowoneka bwino, monga Yaskawa Compass, zimalola opanga kupanga ndikusintha zowonera mosavuta. Kuchokera pakuphatikiza makina oyambira mpaka kukwaniritsa zosowa zamakasitomala, kukonza pang'ono kumafunika - popeza zida izi zimapereka laibulale yayikulu yamapulagi a C # omangidwa kale kapena kulowetsa kunja kwa mapulagini achikhalidwe.

NYAMUKA PAMWAMBA

Ngakhale njira zowonjezera ndi zochepetsera zimakhalabe zotchuka, kusintha kwakukulu ku njira ya hybrid additive / subtractive idzachitika m'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi. Akuyembekezeka kukula pamlingo wokulirapo pachaka (CAGR) wa 14.8 peresenti pofika 2027¹, msika wamakina ophatikizira ophatikizana wosakanizidwa watsala pang'ono kukwaniritsa zomwe makasitomala akufuna. Kuti akwere pamwamba pa mpikisano, opanga ayese ubwino ndi kuipa kwa njira ya haibridi pa ntchito zawo. Ndi kuthekera kopanga magawo ngati pakufunika, pakuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa carbon footprint, hybrid additive/ subtractive process imapereka zopindulitsa zina. Mosasamala kanthu, matekinoloje apamwamba a njirazi sayenera kunyalanyazidwa ndipo akuyenera kukhazikitsidwa m'mashopu kuti athandize zokolola zambiri ndi khalidwe la malonda.